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1. Explore new methods for better integrating our space assets, 2. Examine the possibility of joint programs, and

3. Fully utilize unique Title 10 and Title 50 authorities to execute space defense (and offense) strategies jointly.

Additionally, the IC should support building international alliances with like-minded partners beyond the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing nations. Increasingly, potential allied nations (and their commercial companies) are developing innovative space capabilities to augment and strengthen the U.S. space defense and intelligence posture.

Refocus space-related intelligence collection. The IC has developed a space threats collection posture predicated on three assumptions:

1. The best information on developing space threats comes from collection against the adversaries’ military institutions on Earth,

2. There should be a clear dividing line between DOD’s intelligence activities and the IC’s, and

3. Only government-developed “exquisite” capabilities can inform threat analysis and decision-making effectively.

Developments by our adversaries and the emergence of a vibrant commercial space marketplace over the past decade have rendered all three assumptions false and even dangerous. The IC must therefore refocus and invest in methods that will enable it to characterize accurately the threats that already exist in space, not just on the ground; break down barriers

to information sharing and collaboration with the DOD; and embrace commercially derived capabilities that can be adapted to a national security mission—all while emphasizing the need to protect critical supply chains and the cybersecurity needs that result from an increasingly government-— commercial low Earth orbit.

Our nation’s economic and national security depends on being able to

advance America’s leadership position in space, which is eroding in the face of increasing threats from adversaries and our own inaction.