Page 311

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, 1, https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/ iles/documents/2023-usda-budget-summary.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022). See, for example, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Transforming the U.S. Food System,” https://www.usda.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p11. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “USDA Celebrates 150 Years,” https://www.usda.gov/our-agency/about-usda/

The law stated, “[T]here is hereby established at the seat of government of the United States a Department

of Agriculture, the general designs and duties of which shall be to acquire and to diffuse among the people

information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and

comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate, and distribute among the people new and

Gladys L. Baker et al.

, Century of Service: The First 100 Years of the United States

Department of Agriculture, (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) p. 13, https://babel.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, “UN Food Systen

ore Competitive, Mo

(accessed December

National Food Policy

hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucl.04254098&view=lup&seq=33 (accessed December 16, 2022). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p. 2.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2022-2026, p. 3, https://www.usda.gov/sites/ default/files/documents/usda-fy-2022-2026-strategic-plan.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022). ews release, “USDA Announces Framework for

Shoring Up the Food Supply Chain and Transforming the • Resilient,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, June 1, 2022,

https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2022/06/01/usda-announces-framework-shoring-food-supplychain-and-transforming (accessed December 14, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Transforming th U.S. Department of Agriculture, Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2022-2026, pp. 1-2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Background on August 4, 2021, https://Awww.usda.gov/sites/defa

2022). • U.S. Food System.”

the U.S. Approach to the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit,”

ult/files/documents/Background-on-US-approach-2021-UN14, 2022). ns Summit,” https://www.usda.gov/oce/sustainability/un

Could Save Millions of American Lives,” The Washington

remism/ (accessed D:

os://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-a-national-food-policy-couldives/2014/11/07/89c55e16-637f-lle4-836c-83bc4f26eb67_story.html (accessed Bakst and Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, “No, We Don’t Need to Transform the American Food System,” The Daily Signal, February 26, 2021, https://www.dailysignal.com/2021/02/26/ orm-the-american-food-system/ (accessed December 14, 2022); and Daren Bakst, “Biden’s Food Conference Should Put Peo .com/2022/09/22/bidens-food-conference-should-put-people

ple First, Not Environmental Extremism,” The Daily Signal,

ecember 14, 2022).

est Up to $300 Million in New Organic Transition Initiative,” U.S. Department of 2, https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2022/08/22/usda-invest-300ion-initiative (accessed December 14, 2022).

en New Deal Was a Disaster,” Farm Futures, November 14, 2022, https://www.

ENDNOTES 1. 2. gov/fst (accessed December 14, 2022). S 4, history (accessed December 16, 2022). 5. of the United States useful valuable seeds and plants.” 6. 7. — |bid., p. 2. 8. 9. Food System to Be Fairer, 10. 11. 12. ood-Systems-Summit.od 13. summit (accessed December 14, 2022). 14. Mark Bittman et al., “How a Post, November 7, 2014, ht save-millions-of-americanDecember 14, 2022); Daren no-we-dont-need-to-trans September 22, 2022, https://www.dailysigna irst-not-environmental-ex 15. News release, “USDA to Inv Agriculture, August 22, 202 million-new-organic-transi 16. Gary Baise, “Sri Lanka’s Gre armprogress.com/commentary/sri 17.

or Organic Foods,” Econom

ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2017/jan

usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/may/i 6, 2022). Further, there are many myths, such as t

-lankas-green-new-deal-was-disaster (accessed December 16, 2022).

See, for example, Catherine Greene et al., “Growing Organic Demand Provides High-Value Opportunities for Many Types of Producers,” Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, February 6, 2017, httos://www. uaryfebruary/growing-organic-demmand-provides-high-value-opportunitiesor-many-types-of-producers/#:~:text=ERS%20research%20shows%20that%20many,flavor%20desired%20 by%20the%20consumer (accessed December 14, 2022), and Andrea Carlson, “Investigating Retail Price Premiums

ic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May 24, 2016, https://www.ers.

nvestigating-retail-price-premiums-for-organic-foods/ (accessed December

hose regarding the alleged health benefit of organic food. One

— 311—

18

19

20. 21.

22

23

24

25: 26. 27. 28.

29. 30.

31

32

33

me nutritious

Genetic Li

See, for examp Partnershi gov/document/US nflation Reduction U.S. Department o (1948-2019),” h growth-in-u-s-agri U.S. Department o Percent of Disposa chart-gallery/galle

p Program, Req DA-202 Act of 2022, Public Law 117, Economic Research Service, “Productivity Growth in U.S. Agriculture tos://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/agricultural-productivity-in-the-u-s/productivity1948-2019/ (accessed December 14, 2022).

ture, Economic Research Service, “Total Food Budget Share Increased from 9.4 0 10.3 Percent

culture

ble Income

U.S. Department o

Table 1101, h income-quin

0.176, Apri

Slush

iles-befo

a study found that “[t]he published literatu han conventional foods.” Crystal Smith-Spang Conventional Alternatives,” Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol. www.acpjournals.org/doi/epdf/10.7326/0003-48 Steve Savage, “USDA Data Con i

irm Org

eracy Project, February 16, 2018, https://genetic organic-yields-dramatically-lower-conventional-farming/ (accessed December 16, 2022). e, U.S. Department of Agricultu or Comments,”

est

-0010-0001

Agriculture

Agricu

y/chart-detail/2char Labor,

Foundation /ssue

Bureau of Labor Sta eans, Shares, and Standard Errors, and Coef

• lacks strong evidence that organic foods are significantly more er et al. “Are Organic Foods Safer or Healthier Than

57, No. 5 (September 4, 2012), pp. 348-366, https:// 9-157-5-201209040-00007 (accessed December 16, 2022). ds Significantly Lower Than With Conventional Farming,” iteracyproject.org/2018/02/16/usda-data-confirm

anic Yie

e, “Notice: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry USDA-2021-0010, October 21, 2021, https://www.regulati accessed December 16, 2022).

69

ons.

in 2021,” July 15, 2022, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ |d=76967 (accessed December 14, 2022).

istics, “Quintiles of Income Before Taxes: Annual Expenditure icients of Variation, Consumer Expenditure Surveys,” 2021,

os://www.bls.gov/cex/tables/calendar-year/mean-item-share-average-standard-error/cu e-taxes-20721.pdf (accessed December 16, 2022), and Daren Bakst and Patrick Tyrrell, “Big Government Policies That Hurt the Poor and How to Address Them,” Heri 5, 2017, p. Daren Bakst and Joshua Sewel Fund,” Heritage

age Foundation Special Report

7, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2017-04/SRI76.pdf. , ‘Congress Should S

op Abrogating Its Spending Power and Rein in the USDA 0. 6052, February 19, 2021, p. 2, httos://www.heritage.org/

Brief

budget-and-spending/report/congress-should-stop-abrogating-its-spending-power-and-rein-the-usda.

Commodity Credit Corporation and Sewall, “Congress Should S

Baks bid., p. 3.

Daren Bakst, “Com Program, Request regu U.S. Department o egan Stubbs, “Th Congress, updated

“Overall, 34 percen

ment ations.gov/document/USDA-202 • Commodi December 16, 2022).

t of al 4 percent of U.S. farms partici

Ryan Olver, “Ameri

Agriculture, “Notice ty Credit 2021, h

January 14,

ce, pp. 24 and arch 18, 2023).

Congressional Research Service Report

(accessed Although li Federation

vestock

he ask[ed

December

President farmers couldn't survi

4, 2022). and special

y crop p Bob Stallman cap

Charter Act of

rom Bakst, Darren” on “No for Comments,” USDA-2021-0010, October 21, 2021,” November 1, 2021, https://www. 1

tps://crsrepor

farms reported receiving some type of Government payment in pated in Federal crop insurance programs.” Christine Whitt, Noah Miller, and ca’s Farms and Ranc Economic Research Servi pdf?v=527.4 (accessed payments beyond jus Randy Schnepf, “Farm Safety

commodity payn et Paymen

ve without subsidy money. ‘Why does . ‘Why does the specialty crop [ Taxpayers Subsidize Rich Farmers?” The Washington Post,

948, Public Law 80-806.

op Abrogating Its Spending Power.”

ice: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry Partnership

0010-0001/comment?filter=bakst (accessed December 16, 2022).

: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry Partnership Program.”

Corporation (CCC),’ Congressional Research Service Report for s.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44606 (accessed

2021,” and “[o]verall,

hes at a Glance: 2022 Edition,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, 26, https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/105388/eib-247, This data, which apparently does not cover crop insurance, included nents, such as conservation payments. s Under the 2014 Farm Bill: Comparison by Program Crop,” Congress, August 11, 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44914.pdf

for

oducers do receive some subsidies, former American Farm Bureau ured the subsidy issue well. He “dismisse[d] outright the claim that the livestock industry survive without subsidies?’ e] industry survive?” Tamar Haspel, “Why Do arch 15, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.

ruit and vegetab

com/lifestyle/food/why-do-taxpayers-subsidize-rich-farmers/2018/03/15/50e89906-27b6-lle8-b79d

f3d93idb7

68_story.html (accessed March 18, 2023).